There are more than forty universities in Britain--nearly twice as many as in 1960s. During the 1960s eight 【B1】 new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by 【B2】 old colleges of technologies into universities. In the same period the 【B3】 of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to more than 200,000. By 1973 about 10% of men 【B4】 from eighteen to twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are 【B5】 institutions. Each has its own governing councils. 【B6】 some local businessmen and local politicians as 【B7】 as a few academics. The state began to give 【B8】 to them fifty years ago, and by 1970 cacti university derived nearly all its 【B9】 from state grants. Students have to pay fees and living costs, 【B10】 every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal gram which is enough to pay his full 【B11】 . including lodging and food unless his parents are 【B12】 Most students 【B13】 jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not 【B14】 do outside work during the 【B15】 year. The Department of Education takes 【B16】 for the payment which covers the whole 【B17】 of the universities, but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence 【B18】 new developments through its power to 【B19】 funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly 【B20】 of academies.