Well-being of women In our
culture, the sources of what we call a sense of "mastery"—feeling important and
worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of "pleasure"—finding life
enjoyable—are not always identical. Women often are told, "You can’t have it
all". Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is "You choose a career, so
you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life," or "You
have a wonderful husband and children—what’s all this about wanting a career"
but women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they
have to feel good about themselves. Our study shows that, for
women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem
(自尊), a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and
depression. Mastery is closely related to the "doing" side of life, to work and
activity~ Pleasure is the other dimension, and it is composed of happiness,
satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the "feeling" side of
life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery
and low in pleasure, and vice versa. For example, a woman who has a good job,
but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in
control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a
time. The concepts of mastery and pleasure could help us
identify the source of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the
past, women are encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the
source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are
critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study,
all the groups of employed women rated significantly high in mastery than did
women who were not employed. A woman’s well-being is enhanced
(增进) when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women
who were involved in the combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and
employment--were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and
strain. Which of the following can be identified as a source of "pleasure" for women
A．freedom from anxiety B．regular employment C．multiple roles in society D．family life