The name "United Nations" was probably devised by U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of the member states met and signed a declaration of common purpose on New Year’s Day in 1942. Representatives of five (36) worked together to draw (37) proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after debate at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U. N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not (38) at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, (39) , after the Charter had been officially approved and signed by China, France, the U. S. , the U. K. and the U.S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. came (40) existence. The date was 24 October, now (41) celebrated as United Nations Day. The essential (42) of the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international (43) , social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to be a centre for coordinating the actions of nations in attaining these common (44) . No country takes precedence over another in the U. N. Each member’s rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international dispute, and members have pledged to refrain (45) the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U.N. has no right to intervene in any state’s internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act in accordance with its principles of international peace and security. U.N. members must offer every assistance in an approved U.N. action and in no way assist states against which the U.N. is taking preventive or enforcement action. A. represented I. into B. debate J. economic C. functions K. ends D. officially L. from E. promoting M. common F. powers N. up G. however O. original H. universally