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U.S. rates of disease and some cancers, (36) of the breast, are among the highest in the world. Many factors (37) to cancer and heart disease, including an individual’s genetic (38) . But when scientists (39) the course of diseases across the globe, the role of (40) stands out sharply. Japan offers an example. The (41) Japanese diet is the direct (42) of ours: typically they eat rice, vegetables and a little fish, while Americans put a big portion of meat in the center of the plate and add a few French fries. (43) only about a quarter as much fat as we do, and far more carbohydrates, the Japanese live longer than anybody else in the world. That is, until they move to the United States. (44) says Dr. Peter Greenwald, director of the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the U.S. National Cancer Institute. "When they move to Hawaii, the rate goes up." (45) . Similar patterns are emerging all over the globe. "I’ve been in Mauritius, Cuba and Hungary, three completely different countries, advising their governments on nutrition education," says Marion Nestle, professor of nutrition at New York University. (46) .