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The Ministry of Education is to upgrade teaching methods and (36) in colleges and universities throughout the country. The aim is to better prepare students to (37) to future economic and social development, the ministry (38) yesterday. It also aims to develop better pedagogy for (39) top students in comprehensive skills and (40) .rather than encouraging, the ability to memorize textbooks. Specific plans for higher learning (41) include the setting-up of large academic centres and the building of teacher training centres for (42) vocational education. Textbooks and teaching software will be (43) , long-distance education systems will be developed and laboratories and teaching instruments will be improved. (44) , according to the ministry. Major problems in higher education include the narrow scope of curricula and outdated subjects and teaching methods, according to the ministry’ s Department of Higher Education. (45) Correspondingly, the ministry initiated a reform of teaching programmes in 1995. (46) , said the ministry’s spokesperson. The ministry will set up special funds to help implement the project. Programme leaders will be able to bid for loans from the World Bank and other channels.