填空题

Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to correct the problem.
Ⅰ. Effects of air pollution
1) Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways.
— Some individuals are more (1) to pollutants.
—Young children and elderly people suffer more.
— People with (2) suffer more.
2) The extent of air pollution effects on individuals depends on the (3) to the damaging chemicals.
3) short-term effects
— (4) to the eyes, nose and throat
— upper respiratory infections
— headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions
4) long-term effects
— chronic respiratory disease
— lung cancer
— heart disease
— damage to the brain, nerves, liver or kidneys
Ⅱ. Measures taken to control air pollution
1) the first step: assessment
— investigate air pollution
— develop standards for measuring the type and (5) of some air pollutants
— determine how much exposure to pollutants is (6)
2) steps to reduce exposure to air pollution
— outdoor air pollution
· regulation of man-made pollution through (7) , which is usually done through a variety of (8) that monitor the air and the environment
· prevention through regulation, and through personal, careful attention to our (9) with the environment
— indoor air pollution
· (10) to be reviewed for potential harmful effects
· adequate ventilation
· smoking to be restricted