Usually, there are two reasons to pursue scientific knowledge: for the sake of the knowledge itself, and for the practical use of that knowledge.Because this second aspect of science effects the lives of most people, 【S1】______it is much more familiar than the first. Knowledge must be gained,however, after it can be applied, and often the most important technological 【S2】_____advances arise from research pursued for its own sake. Traditionally, new technology has concerned with the construction 【S3】_____of machines, structures, and tools in a relatively large scale. The 【S4】_____development of materials for building bridges, skyscrapers or highwaysis an example of this, as it is the development of the internal-combustion 【S5】_____engine and the nuclear reactor. While such activities involve all sectionsof the sciences, the overriding goal has been the same, that is, improve 【S6】_____the human condition by finding good ways to deal with the macroscopic 【S7】_____world. Since World War II, the focus of technological activity underwent a major change. While the old activities are still pursued, they have been largely superseded by applications of technology at the microscopic level. Instead of building large-scale structures and machines, modern-daytechnology tends to concentrate on finding improving ways to transfer 【S8】_____information and to develop new materials by studying the way atoms come together. The silicon chip and microelectronics typify this new technologicaltrend, as did the blossoming of genetic engineering. The trend can be 【S9】_____expected to continue for the foreseeable decades. 【S10】_____ 【S6】