填空题

Cheating scandals have rocked a number of school districts across the country this year. What happened in Atlanta is hard to imagine. Dozens of administrators and teachers changed answers on (26) tests. When those tests showed big gains, school leaders (27) . But they were caught, in part, because Georgia have been looking for (28) of changing answers for years.
Kathleen Mathers, who runs Georgia’s Office of Student Achievement, says her state is in its third year of using erasure analysis of all elementary and middle school tests. She says the scanners can (29) "between an answer choice that is definitely made and intended to be the answer choice, and answer choices that were (30) made and then erased. " Mathers says that analysis costs the state about $ 27,000—a small fraction of its testing budget. The data established that in many schools there were just too many (31) from wrong to right.
Prof. Gary" Miron of Western Michigan University says this problem is part of the (32) result of No Child Left Behind. The law said test scores would determine the fate of entire schools. Schools that fail can (33) , and bad test scores can also harm funding. And now a growing number of states are planning to (34) teachers based in part on test scores.
Miron also says before No Child Left Behind, schools tested less often and more carefully. "No Child Left Behind required testing to be (35) at each of the grades between grades three and eight," he says. But with this it meant that we had to distribute the resources for testing across more grades.