·Read the article below about coherence. ·For each question 31—40 write
one word in the space on your Answer Sheet. Coherence Coherence determines whether a speech is logical and
thus makes sense. The speaker must make (31) that his utterances
and paragraphs are presented in a logical sequence se that his thoughts and
ideas are readily acceptable. A speech may be compared (32) a
freight train. The locomotive is the thematic statement in a speech that gives
the train (speech) its direction. Each car is an utterance in a paragraph or a
paragraph in a speech that must follow the (33) of the train,
for it must go where the locomotive goes. It is couplings that hold the cars
together, ensuring that all the cars will arrive at same destination as the
locomotive. (34) ; the same way, a speaker must supply the
links between the utterances and paragraphs to give his listeners a directional
signal to indicate (35) is to follow and how it (36)
to what is preceded. Since transmitting ideas orally requires
attention to the perceived coherence pf speaker’s message, the audience do not
have the luxury of going back (37) his points as they do in
reading an essay; nor do they have punctuations the help them (38)
one idea from another. Hence, speakers use signposts in the form of
carefully worded phrases and sentences to help listeners (39)
the movement of ideas within a speech and perceive the overall message
structure. Summaries are (40) signposts in ensuring that
listeners are able to see the overall structure: preliminary and final summaries
are especially helpful in laying our or pulling together the major divisions of
the speech.