The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated lie contains a maximum
of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the
passage and correct it in the following way." For a
wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct
one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a
missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a
" ∧ "sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at
the end of the line. For an unnecessary word,
cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank
provided at the end of the line.
Contrast to researchers’ expectations, dysfunctional family
relationships and poor (1)______ communication styles appear to have
much effect on whether young children become
(2)______ depressed, a study has found. While many children under 5
exhibit symptoms of depression, they often have not been exposed against
known risk factors, experts find. (3)______ And many children who are
exposed to those risk factors~ appear to be resilient. In the study,
Australian researchers looked at many factors, including marital partner
(4)______ change, mothers’ health in pregnancy, a child’s health in the
first six months of life and marital anxiety in more than 5,000 mothers over
a period of five years. But few of them correlated to early childhood
depression. The authors warned that their results, published
(5)______ in the June issue of Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric
Epidemiology, depended on reports by mothers about their children’s
experience, and that the mothers’ emotional states might
(6)______ have affected those reports. They also conceded that young, lonely,
low-income mothers (7)______ were often lost as to follow-up during
the years of the study, and that the children of
(8)______ those mothers might be expected to have higher rate of depression.
"If what we have (9)______ found is correct," said Dr. Jake
Najman, the lead author and a professor of sociology at the University of
Queensland, "then depression in children has a large
constitutional component" that is transmitted either genetically or by
exposure to risks before or during pregnancy. Dr. Najman suggested that early
invention might help prevent depression (10)______ from
developing in early life.