填空题

Public opinion polls are regularly conducted and published in many countries. They (36) not only support for political parties but also public opinion on a wide (37) of social and political issues. They are (38) published in major newspapers and are generally (39) as useful tools by businesses, political organizations, the mass media and government, and academic research groups. Hundreds of public polling firms (40) around the world. The Gallup Poll and Harris Poll are among the best known in the US. In business, polls are used to test consumers’ (41) and to discover what gives a product its (42) . Responses to commercial polls help businesses in planning marketing and advertising (43) and in making changes in a product to increase its sales. In politics, (44) . Polling organizations have also been successful in predicting the outcome of elections. By polling voters on Election Day, it is often possible to determine the probable winner ever before the voting booths dose.. Newspapers, magazines, radio and televisions are heavy users of public opinion polling information, especially political information that helps to predict election results or measure the popularity of government officials and candidates. (45) . Governments use opinion polls to find out public sentiment about issues of interest. They also use polling methods to determine unemployment rates, crime rates and other social and economic indicators. (46) . They have been valuable in studying socialization, political attitudes, and economic behavior.