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A medicine approved last month to treat AIDS (艾滋病) also shows promise
against hepatitis B (乙型肝炎). The drug, 3TC, puts down the
hepatitis B virus in people with chronic infections, stopping its damage to the
liver, researchers reported. About one million Americans are
thought to be infected with hepatitis B, which can lead to cirrhosis (肝硬化),
liver failure and liver cancer in a small proportion of victims if left
untreated. (46) "It’s a preliminary study,
but this is promising. It looks like it has the potential to make a significant
impact on hepatitis B," said Dr Jules L. Dienstag of Massachusetts General
Hospital, who directed the study. Currently, the only treatment
for hepatitis B is interferon (干扰素). Such a treatment can permanently eliminate
the virus in about one-third of patients. (47)
In the latest study, doctors found that 3TC appeared to knock out the
virus permanently in about 20% of patients when given for three months.
(48) Unlike interferon, 3TC is given in pill
form and carries few side effects. The drug was approved by the Food and Drug
Administration in November for use against AIDS. Both the
hepatitis B virus and the AIDS virus need a protein to reproduce. (49)
Doctors have tested similar AIDS drugs against hepatitis B. But all
except 3TC have turned out to be ineffective or too toxic (有毒的).
Dr Jay Hoofnagle of the National Institutes of Health said a next step
will be to combine 3TC with interferon to see if the two drugs together improve
the chance of curing hepatitis B. "It looks extremely promising," he said of
3TC. (50) A．3TC is one of a group of drugs that block
production of this protein. B．Interferon must be injected for four to six
months and often has unpleasant side effects, including flu-like symptoms,
fatigue and depression. C．The hospital is among the biggest ones in
America. D．Dienstag said he hopes that with longer treatment, this response
rate can be doubled. E．"It’s not the answer, but it’s a step in the right
direction." F．Perhaps 20% of these patients have lingering (迁延性的) infections
that would benefit from treatment.