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听力原文:Some of the most dramatic climaxes in the history of Olympic Games have taken place in the women's 4×100 relay, the most exciting race in the track and field competition, a combination of speed and technique.
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【参考答案】
奥运史上许多充满戏剧性的高潮都发生在女子4×100米接力赛中。接力赛是田径赛中最激动人心的比赛也是速度和技术的结合。......
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听力原文:M: Unlike partners and proprietors, owners in a corporation have limited liability. They stand to lose only what they have invested. Creditors can sue a corporation for not paying its debts, forcing the corporation to declare bankruptcy. Creditors, however, cannot make the stockholders pay the corporation's debts out of their own personal assets. Because corporations have to report so many of their activities and because many government agencies scrutinize their activities, corporations often lose the competitive advantage of secrecy. Corporations must make public reports on profits, total sales, and research expenditures. Competitors can learn much about each other by reading reports and studying reports from hearings.F: Stockholders can transfer shares of stock to others without causing the termination of the corporation. Major stock exchanges list the latest selling price for thousands of stocks by the minute, and they provide a ready market for buyers and sellers. The withdrawal is easy compared to the other forms of ownership because the sale of an owner's stock does not dissolve the corporation. A proprietor can have a brain-storm over a ham sandwich at lunch. Make a decision. And act on it before the end of the day. But corporations have many departments, committees, and beards that must approve major projects before actions can be taken.M: Unlike proprietorships and partnerships, a corporation can last indefinitely. While some charters specify the length of life of the company, most assume an indefinite life span. The existence of the corporation is unaffected by the death or withdrawal of its stockholders. The government creates the corporation as an artificial being and feeds its offspring with dozens of rules and regulations. Many of these regulations apply to all organizations, but enforcement is focused on the larger corporations. In order to comply with all the regulations, corporations spend a good deal interpreting laws, maintaining records, and reporting to government agencies.F: Corporations have a large advantage in obtaining more money for expansion. They can raise money more easily because its stock and bonds are bought and sold in public markets such as stock exchanges. The price of ownership is known, and when the company wants to raise new funds, it can sell new shares or bonds to the public and attract funds from both domestic and foreign investors. The larger a corporation becomes, the more sources of financing are available to it. The corporation is treated as a legal entity and must pay taxes on its taxable income. When after-tax corporate profits are paid out in dividends to the stockholders, the dividends are taxed a second time as part of the individual owner's income. Thus owners pay taxes twice on corporate profits.M: While all corporations are not large, most large businesses are corporations. Large size offers the advantage of economical production methods; large companies can buy materials, manufacture products, and ship finished goodsin bulk. But even more important is the ability to specialize. This potential, combined with the ability to pay higher salaries and offer attractive fringe benefits, gives the corporation an advantage in hiring and keeping top-rate employees. A corporation is more costly and difficult to create than other forms of~ ownership. Preparing the articles of incorporation, developing a prospectus for potential owners, complying with regulations on stock issues, and registering in other states is costly and time consuming. Filing fees, lawyer expenses, and promotion costs can be expensive.&8226;You will hear five different business people talking about corporations.&8226;For each extract there are two tas
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Air pollution is one of the most pervasive environmental problems becauseatmospheric currents can carry contaminated air to every part of the globe.Most air pollution comes, from automobile emissions and from power plantswhat burn coal and oil to produce energy for industrial and consumer use. 【S1】______Carbon dioxide and other harmful gases releasing into the air from these 【S2】______sources adversely effect weather patterns and the health of people, animals and 【S3】______plants.Industrialized nations produce most of the world's air pollution. For 【S4】______example, because the United States is home to just 5 percent of the world'spopulation, the country generates 22 percent of human-made carbon dioxide 【S5】______emissions or 19 percent of all greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and 【S6】______methane. These emissions harm the environment by leading acid rain andglobal warming, and by depleting (使衰竭) the protective ozone layer which 【S7】______surround the earth.Acid rain, a serious threat around the world, occurs when sulfur dioxideand nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles and fossil-fuel burning power 【S8】______plants to fall back to Earth as acidic precipitation. Acid rain has contaminatedmany lakes in Canada and the northeast United States and has beendocumented even in the non-industrial state of Hawaii. In the United 【S9】______Kingdom, 57 percent of all trees are severely defoliated (使落叶) owe to 【S10】______corrosive fallout, and production of food crops has been declined in many partsof the world. Acid rain has eroded the surfaces of great art and architecturaltreasures, including the ancient sculptures of Rome and the Sphinx in Egypt.【S1】
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