All the following except（）are fittings for securing and lashing containers on board ships.

（）means a unit in which goods are totally enclosed by sufficient strong boundaries such as a freight container，a tank or a vehicle unit with fabric sides or tops.

A.UNIT
B.CONTAINER
C.VEHICLE
D.CLOSED TYPE UNIT

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The certificate of loading required by each vessel carrying grain in bulk is issued by the（）.

A.owner or charterer of the vessel
B.American Bureau of Shipping
C.shipper of the cargo
D.National Cargo Bureau

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