未分类题

?Read this text taken from an article about Personnel Management.
?Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.
?For each gap 9—14, mark one letter (A—H) on your Answer Sheet.
?Do not use any letter more than once.
Personnel Management
Personnel management is regarded as a profession. Many observers believe that the most important and pressing problems of future industrial societies will not be solely concerned with production or technical questions, but will be people-oriented and will involve a knowledge of social and behavioral sciences and of the personnel function' H The role of personnel management has, of course changed over time. Originally it was used by management to obtain and maintain an effective work force only and the emphasis was on production and economic rewards. (9) . This is now only one part of the function. Later it was realized that if worker needs could be understood and met, for example, security, achievement, and job satisfaction, then the organization itself could better achieve its maximization of goals such as profits. Recently added to this has been the social (community) responsibility of the organization. (10) .
Personnel management is about people. The management of people is an integral part of the organization and of the process of management itself. (11) . Personnel management is not something that is only carried out by the personnel department; it is an organization-wide activity. All levels of management are engaged in managing personnel. (12) . They are involved in working in co-operation with the personnel department and its staff in such areas as recruitment, training, appraisal, counseling safety and health and job-design. Personnel management in its broadest sense involves all matters in an organization regarding people decisions. (13) . The first is that of human relations, in which such matters as individual motivation, leadership, and group relationships and behavior. are covered. The second is the field of organization theory, which considers job design, managerial spans of control, the flow of work through the organization, and so forth. The third consists of the specific kinds of decision areas for which the personnel manager or personnel department is directly responsible for acquisition, development, rewarding, and maintenance of human resources.
The bread definition of personnel management illustrates that the scope of personnel management pervades the organization. Every person in an organization is involved with personnel decision. (14) . Similarly, non-managerial employees will be exposed to performance appraisals, selection interviews when hired, and so on.