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SECTION B PASSAGESDirections: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.听力原文： There were several important discoveries in the early part of the century that helped geologists develop a more accurate picture of the earth's interior. The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves. Remember, they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they travel thousands of miles through the earth's interior. This finding enabled geologists to study the inner parts of the earth. You see, these studies revealed that these vibrations were of two types: compression or P-waves and shear or S-waves. And researchers found that P-waves travel through both liquids and solids while S-waves travel only through solid matter. In 1906, a British geologist discovered that P-waves slowed down at a certain depth but kept traveling deeper. On the other hand, S-waves either disappeared or were reflected back. So he concluded that the depth marked the boundary between a solid mantle and the liquid core. Three years later, another boundary was discovered, that between the mantle and the earth's crust. There are still a lot to be learned about the earth. For instance, geologists know that the core is hot. Evidence of this is the molten lava that flows out of volcanoes. But we are still not sure what the source of the heat is.What is the purpose of the talk?A．To review what students know about volcanic activity.B．To demonstrate the use of a new measurement device.C．To explain the answer to an examination question.D．To provide background for the next reading assignment.

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听力原文： Most people think of astronomers as people who spend their time in cold observatories peering through telescopes every night. In fact, a typical astronomer spends most of his or her time analyzing data and may only be at the telescope for a few weeks of the year. Some astronomers work on purely theoretical problems and never use a telescope at all. You might not know how rarely images are viewed directly through telescopes. The most common way to observe the skies is to photograph them. The process is very simple. First a photographic plate is coated with a light-sensitive material. The plate is positioned so that the image received by the telescope is recorded on it. Then the image can be developed, enlarged and published so that many people can study it. Because most astronomical objects are very remote, the light we receive from them is rather feeble. But by using a telescope as a camera long-time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are a hundred times too faint to be seen by just looking through a telescope.According to the speaker, what do people often think about astronomers?A．They spend most of their time looking through telescopes.B．They are constantly analyzing data.C．They often live near observatories.D．They devote a lot of time to theoretical problems.

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