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The Threat to Kiribati
The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,' say the older citizens of Kiribati.
What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (级地的) ice caps.
If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate-they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.
The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don't have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.
The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.
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Dark Forces Dominate UniverseThe earth, moon, sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe. Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy, unknown forces that(51)astronomers.Observations in recent years have changed the basic(52)of how the universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and substances that(53)our world.Astronomers now know that luminous (发光的) matter -- stars, planets and hot gas -- accounts(54)only about 0.4 percent of the universe. Non-luminous components, such as black holes and intergalactic (星系间的) gas,(55)up 3.6 percent. The rest is either dark matter, about 23 percent, or dark energy, about 73 percent.Dark matter, sometimes(56)'cold dark matter,' has been known for some time. Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it(57)in the formation of stars, planets and even people.'We(58)our very existence to dark matter,' said physicist Paul Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which(59)not long ago in the journal Science.'Dark matter dominated the structure(68)in the early universe,' Steinhardt said. 'For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the universe. You can think of ordinary matter(61)a froth (泡沫) of an ocean of dark matter. The dark matter clumps (结成块) and the ordinary matter falls into it. That(62)to the formation of the stars and galaxies (星系).'Without dark matter, 'there would be virtually no structures in the universe.'The nature of dark matter is(63). It cannot be seen or detected directly. Astronomers know it is there because of its(64)on celestial (天体的) objects that can be seen and measured.But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy, a recently(65)power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speed.A.worryB.moveC.puzzleD.reject
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