问答题

简答题 事件1:工程开工前,总承包单位在编制施工组织设计时认为修改部分施工图设计可以使施工更方便、质量和安全更易保证,遂向项目监理机构提出了设计变更的要求。
事件2:专业监理工程师检查主体结构施工时,发现总承包单位在未向监理机构报审危险性较大的预制构件起重吊装专项方案的情况下,己自行施工,且现场没有管理人员。于是,总监理工程师下达了《监理工程师通知单》。
事件3:专业监理工程师在现场巡视时,发现设备安装分包单位违章作业,有可能导致发生重大质量事故。总监理工程师口头要求总承包单位暂停分包单位施工,但总承包单位未予执行。总监理工程师随即向承包单位下达了《工程暂停令》,总承包单位在向设备安装分包单位转发《工程暂停令》前,发生了设备安装质量事故。
问题:
(1)针对事件1中总承包单位提出的设计变更要求,写出项目监理机构的处理程序。
(2)根据《建设工程安全生产管理条例》规定,事件2中起重吊装专项方案需经哪些人签字后方可实施?
(3)指出事件2中总监理工程师的做法是否妥当?说明理由。
(4)事件3中总监理工程师是否可以口头要求暂停施工?为什么?

【参考答案】

(1)针对事件1中总承包单位提出的设计变更要求,写出项目监理机构的处理程序。
①总监理工程师组织专业监理工程师审......

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By the 1820's in the United States, when steamboats were common on western waters, these boats were mostly powered by engines built in the West (Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, or Louisville), and of a distinctive western design specially suited to western needs. The first steam engines 【21】______ practical use in England and the United States were 【22】______ low-pressure design. This was the type first 【23】______ by James Watt, then manufactured by the firm of Boulton and Watt. Steam was 【24】______ in a large, double-acting vertical cylinder, but the steam reached only a few pounds of pressure per square inch. It was low-pressure engines of this type that 【25】______ first introduced into the United States by Robert Fulton. He 【26】______ such a Boulton and Watt engine from England to run the Clermont. But this type of engine was ,expensive and complicated, 【27】______ many precision-fitted moving parts. The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and 【28】______ design. It was the work primarily of an unsung hero of American industrial progress, Oliver Evans (1755-1819), the 【29】______ son of a Delaware farmer. Evans early became 【30】______ by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he 【31】______ a stationary steam engine of high-pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not 【32】______, but before Evans they were generally considered 【33】______ and dangerous. Within a decade the high-pressure engine, the new type, had become standard on western waters. Critics 【34】______ of western conditions often attacked it as wasteful and dangerous. But people who really knew the Ohio, the Missouri, and the Mississippi 【35】______, with good reasons, that it was the only engine for them. In 【36】______ western rivers the weight of vessel and engine 【37】______ important; a heavy engine added to the problem of navigation. The high-pressure engine was 【38】______lighter in proportion to horsepower, and, with less than half as many moving parts, was much easier and cheaper to repair. The main advantages of low-pressure engines were safe operation and 【39】______ of fuel consumption, 【40】______ of which meant much in the West.【21】A.onB.byC.forD.in
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