问答题

怎样理解“汉字是音节一语素文字”?

【参考答案】

第一,从语音上看,汉字记录的是汉语语音的基本单位——音节。除儿化音节外,一个汉字代表一个音节,如“大”、“红”、“哭”。但这并不意味着汉字属于表音体系的音节文字。音节文字以字形对应音节,一个符号表示一个音节,音节总数不多,文字符号的总数也不多。例如:日文的平假名和片假名各50个,而汉语的音节数量只有400多个,但汉字的总数却在五六万以上,即使是现代通用汉字也有7000个左右,音节和汉字之间并不是一一对应的关系。所以,汉字同语音并无直接联系,不属于表音体系的音节文字。
第二,从意义上看,汉字记录的是汉语中最小的音义结合体——语素。一般来说,一个汉字记录的就是一个语素。例如:“电脑”中的“电”、“脑”都具有一定的意义,是两个汉字、两个语素。此外,汉字中的象形字、会意字和指事字,都是直接表示意义的。例如:“火”字像火焰的形状;“明”字是日、月的结合,表示明亮的意思;“旦”是太阳从地平线上升起,表示天亮的意思。所以,汉字具有表意的特点,属于表意文字体系中的语素文字。
第三,汉字是形、音、义的结合体。一般情况下,一个汉字对应的是一个音节,也是一个语素,因此汉字属于音节一语素文字。
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