单项选择题

患者男性，42岁，近一周突然兴奋，躁动不安，伤人毁物。在药物治疗时易引起患者摔伤的因素是

A.不合作
B.躁动不安
C.变换体位
D.药物不良反应
E.坠床

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Spare a Kidney?It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney t0 a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.There are many reasons. First, it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the differencE.)In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using 1aparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks.Just because you do something, however, it doesn't mean you should, Donating a kidney means under- going an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two.So, what are the risks? “As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding，Of infection，Of vein clots in the legs Or a hernia at the incision，”says Dr．Arthur Matas，director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-freE.Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.There's no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercarE.Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications(禁忌征候)are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressurE.Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ—no matter if you're healthy. 'There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend, father, mother if you don't do this,' says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a 'medical problem' on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.16. From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 2419.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned

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F.
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16.
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A.Right
B.Wrong
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Pool WatchSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in troublE.The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard's pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. Al software analyses the images to work out swimmers' trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being east onto the bottom or side of the pool. 'The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing arounD.' says McQuadE.The software does this by 'projecting' a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different anglE.If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignoreD.But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software's 'pre-alert' list, says McQuadE.Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pool's floor texture when viewed from over-heaD.If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer's location on a poolside screen.The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High WycombE.BuckinghamshirE.One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools—and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. 'I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,' he says. But he adds that any local authority spending ￡30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.31. A1 means the same asA.an imagE.B.an ideA.C.anyone in the water.D.artificial intelligencE.

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31.
H.an
I.
B.an
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C.anyone
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D.artificial