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The' paradoxes' in the passage mean______
A.unusual situations.
B.difficult puzzles.
C.abnormal conditions.
D.self-contradictions.

A.unusual
B.
B.difficult
C.
C.abnormal

【参考答案】

D
解析：本题要求理解paradox的词义，根据文章第一段的内容可以看出美国当今面临的一个自相矛盾的事情是像哈佛......

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In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquettE.In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of lifE.Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical roles which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, Say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importancE.In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for agE.Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older peoplE.Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents' presence without asking permission.Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior. in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in FrancE.Provinces had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form. in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior. of fashionable society had little influence on the dally life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his namE.Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.One characteristic of the rich classes of a declining society is their tendency to______A.take in the recently wealthyB.retreat within themselvesC.produce publications on mannersD.change the laws of etiquette
A.B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
One
G.take
H.retreat
I.produce
J.change
单项选择题
现代政治管理的一个重要特征是程序化，这意味着政治管理并不主要依赖官员的思想、个性等主观特征，而是主要依靠程序化的机制来实现政治管理的有序和效率。
A.正确
B.错误
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