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Star Quality
A new anti-cheating system for counting the judges' scores in ice skating is flawed,according to leading sports specialists. Ice skating's governing body announced the new rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenceD.
Initially the judges in the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City voted 5 to 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair, even though they had a fall during their routinE.But the International Skating Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to vote for the Russians. The International Olympics Committee then decided to give a second gold to the Canadian runners-up （亚军）.
The ISU, skating's governing body, now says it intends to change the rules. In future 14 judges will judge each event, but only 7 of their scores--selected at random--will count.
The ISU won't finally approve the new system until it meets in June but already UK Sport, the British Government's sports body, has expressed reservations. '1 remain to be convinced that the random selection system would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for', says Jerry Bingham, UK Sport's head of ethics （伦理）.
A random system can still be manipulated, says Mark Dixon, a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Society in London. 'The score of one or two judges who have been nobbled （受到贿赂） may still be in the seven selecteD.'
Many other sports that have judges, including diving, gymnastics, and synchronized swimming, have a system that discards the highest and lowest scores. If a judge was under pressure to favour a particular team, they would tend to give it very high scores and mark down the opposition team, so their scores wouldn't count. It works for diving, says Jeff Cook, a member of the international government body's technical committeE.'If you remove those at the top and bottom you're left with those in the middle, so you're getting a reasonable averagE.'
Since the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, diving has tightened up in its system still further. Two separate panels of judges score different rounds of diving during top competitions.Neither panel knows the scores given by the other. 'We have done this to head off any suggestion of bias,' says Cook.
Bingham urged the ISU to consider other options. 'This should involve examining the way in which other sports deal with the problem of adjudicating （裁定） on matter of stylE.and presentation,' he says.
第 36 题 Who won the gold medal in the pairs-figure-skating event.
A.The Russian pair.
B.The Canadian pair.
C.Both the Russian pair and the Canadian pair.
D.The French pair.

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They Say Ireland's the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain's Economist magazine last week.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate,political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls 'freedom, family and community life'.Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion （拥挤）, gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10. That put it well ahead of second-place switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe,troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest （最差的）, picking up only 3.89 points.'A lthough rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued,' the report said, 'some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown（崩溃） in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact,''Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family andcommunity lifE.'The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do,and that its findings would have their critics.No. 2 on the list is SwitzerlanD.The other nations in the top 10 are Norway,Luxembourg, Sweden, A.ustralia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP （人均国内生产总值） after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey.China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.第 16 题 For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned

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Two People, TWo PathsYou must be familiar with the situation: Dad's driving, Mum's teliing him where to go.He's sure that they need to turn left. But she says it's not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction Men or women.They both do, a new study says, but in different ways.Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks （地标） and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their heaD.'Women tend to be more detailed,' said Edward Cornell, who led the study, 'while men tend to be a little bit faster anD...a little bit more intuitive （直觉感知的）.'In fact, said Cornell, 'sense of direction' isn't one skill but two.The first is the 'survy method'. This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is andthat the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the 'route method'. This is when you use a series of directions.You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work, and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history.They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times, young men often went far away with the .older men to fish or hunt.The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks - the mountais,the lakes and so on.The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants.activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.第 41 题 When finding his way, Dad tends to rely on.A.his intuitive knowledgE.B.his book knowledgE.C.Mum's assistancE.D.the police's assistancE.

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