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××公司是以重油为原料制造合成氨、硝铵的中型化肥厂,Ⅰ期工程于 1970年建成投产,每年生产硝铵11万t,Ⅱ期工程于1982年底建成投产,每年生产硝铵11万t,该厂硝铵的原料是气氨和稀硝酸。
×年×月×日晚上23时左右,该公司Ⅱ期工程硝铵装置突然发生特大爆炸事故,造成 22人死亡,6人重伤,52人轻伤,直接经济损失约7000万元。
事故发生后,有关部门组成事故调查组,最后确定这起爆炸事故的直接原因是由于供氨系统不平衡,氨系统积累的含油和氯根的液体随气氨大量带入硝铵生产系统,含油、氯根很高的硝铵液体,在造粒系统停车的状态下温度升高,自催化热分解过程加剧,在极短时间内,分解产生的高热和大量高温气体产物高度积聚导致燃烧爆炸。
据查,我国硝铵生产中,硝铵溶液发生重大爆炸的案例未见报道,对硝铵溶液发生爆炸的条件和机理在理论上认识不足,有关硝铵溶液的安全标准尚没有,对硝铵溶液的爆炸危险性、热敏感性,含油含酸,尤其是含氯根的自催化热分解危害性以及导致分解爆炸的初始温度、临界条件,分解速率,均相爆炸分解产物一氧化氮和二氧化氮降低分解温度等一系列的影响因素,均没有认识,国家有关的规范标准和规程还没有具体的规定。国际、国内公认硝铵生产比较安全,尤其是硝铵溶液。
请根据上述情景,回答下列问题:
1.该起事故的性质。
2.事故调查组的职责。
3.事故调查组的权利和义务。
4.事故调查处理的期限。

A.该起事故的性质。
2.事故调查组的职责。
3.事故调查组的权利和义务。
4.事故调查处理的期限。

【参考答案】

1.鉴于国际、国内对硝铵溶液爆炸的条件和机理在理论上认识不足国家尚无硝铵溶液的安全标准以及相关的规范标准和规程属于未知领......

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